Vocabulary
China:
Huang River Valley - A river of northern China that the Chinese believed to to have look like a dragon.
Dynastic Cycle - The rise and fall of dynasties.
Mandate of Heaven - The Mandate of Heaven confirms a worthy ruler or condemns him in china.
Bronze Age - A period where weapons were made out of bronze.
Qin Dynasty - The first dynasty to unify all of China under one ruler, Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi.
Great Wall - A long wall that the Chinese built to keep out nomadic tribes from the north and west.
Han Dynasty - The Han Dynasty was ruled by Wudi. Wudi chose officials from confucian. He opened up a network of trade routes, later called the Silk Road.
Axis Age - The period of the buddhist life from the 5th and 6th century B.C.
Indus:
Subcontinent - a large landmass that juts out from a continent
Aryans - conquered Indus through Khyber Pass in the north
Caste system - brought about after Aryans invaded, ranked by wealth- stay in same rank for life
Bhagavad Gita - Indian “gospel”, written in Sanskrit, states goals of nonviolence, renunciation, inner life, and female, philosophical teachings of selfless action
Mohenjo-Daro - one of the first cities in the Indus civilization with large rectangular blocks
Chandragupta - emperor and founder of the Mauryan Empire (324-184BC), kept order through bureaucracy- built roads and harbors for trade, collected taxes, ruled harshly
Alexander the Great - conquered Indus in 326BC, gave Indus western ideas like astronomy, medicine, and philosophy
Mauryan Empire - founded by Chandragupta Maurya, ruled Indus from 321-185BC
Asoka - third and most powerful emperor of the Mauryan Empire, horrified by the results of a war killing 100,000 people, Asoka turned to dharma and ahisma, and ruled by nonviolence and right conduct
Dharma - right conduct, the truth about the way things are and will always be in the universe or in nature
Ahisma - nonviolence
Agricultural Revolution:
Neolithic - the new age, change from hunter-gathering to farming and domesticating animals and plants
Features of civilization - cities, organized government, complex religions, job specialization, social class, arts and architecture, public works, writing
Mesopotamia:
Sumer - The first civilization to take power in Mesopotamia that developed cuneiform.
Cuneiform - The first known form of writing.
Akkad - Invaders that conquered Sumer.
Sargon - The ruler of Akkad.
Babylon I - Invaders that conquered Akkad
Hammurabi's Code - 283 laws written in cuneiform on a stone tablet.
Hitties - First civilization to use iron to improve war weapons.
Iron - A strong metal used to improve war weapons.
Assyrians - Invaders that conquered Hitties.
Nebuchadnezzar - Ruthless ruler of the Assyrians that is responsible for the Babylonian captivity.
Babylonian Captivity - A banishment of the jews from Jerusalem.
Persia - The largest empire that conquered the Assyrians.
Cyrus - The king of Persia that allowed the jews to return to Jerusalem.
Darius - Later ruler of Persia that created bureaucracy.
Zoroaster - Prophet of Zoroastrianism.
Phoenicia - Later empire that developed the alphabet.
Greece:
City-states - individual regions of Ancient Greece that had their own government, regions, and beliefs.
Athens v. Sparta - the city-state of Athens believed in creativity and education, and Sparta focused on discipline and power.
Geography - Ancient Greece had rugged mountains on the Balkan Peninsula and many seas and harbors
Monarchy - a government in which a heriditary ruler has central power
Aristorcracy - a government in which wealthy landowners have power
Oligarchy - a govermnent in which a small group of wealthy people have power
Merchants - A person in Ancient Greece involved in trade and economics, such as a storekeeper
Democracy - a government in which the citizens have a a say in the government
Phalanx - a certain way of fighting that evolved in 650 B.C: a strategic formation of soldiers.
Socrates - an Athenian stonemason and philosopher
Plato - Socrate's apprentice; wote a book called The Republic that described his idea of a perfect state
Aristotle - student of Plato; one of the most famous philosophers who had beliefs about government
Pericles - a political leader of Ancient Greece who caused the government to thrive and become more democratic.
Humanism - An outlook of thought stating importance to humans rather than supernatural matters
Alexander the Great - The King of Madedonia; conquered most of the world through military campaigns. His educater was Aristotle.
Axis Age - the peroiod around 400 - 499 BCE where Athens was at the height of its power
Rome:
Patricians - The political and social nobility of Rome.
Pleabeians - Rome citizens (majority of population) that were not upper class. Social struggle with the Patricians.
Tribunes - Elected officials chosen to represent the people's interests.
Roman Republic - From 509 to 27 B.C. Rome was ruled by a republican government comprising three main elements: a system of magistrates, a Senate, and several popular assemblies.
Senate - The only body of government to endure the long and varied history of ancient Rome. Over a span of a thousand years, it saw Rome through four very different phrases of governmnet- monarchy, republic, empire, and the Christian era.
Slavery - Slaves in the Roman Republic were debtors, who were forced to work for wealthy landowners to repay their debts. After this practice was outlawed, the demand for slave labor increased. As the Romans began to conquer other areas of Italy, the eolistement of peasant farmers into the army increased the demand ofr agricultural workers. The same wars that sent peasants off the battle provided an endless supply of war captives for the wealthy to use as slaves.
The Roman Coliseum - A large structure built for Roman games, with places for spectators to watch. One of the first forms of a stadium.
Punic Wars - Three wars fought between Carthage and Rome for control of the western Mediterranean Sea.
Legion - Roman armies.
Julius Caesar - Most famous leaders of ancient Rome. A brilliant general and statesman, he overcame his political rivals to become dictator of Rome.
Good Emerors vs. Bad Emperors - The good emperors would listen to their people, and take their thoughts into account when creating laws. A bad emperor would do only what they wanted, and would act like a tyrant.
Aqueduct - Structures built by the Romans to carry water from a supply source to distant areas in need of water.
Huang River Valley - A river of northern China that the Chinese believed to to have look like a dragon.
Dynastic Cycle - The rise and fall of dynasties.
Mandate of Heaven - The Mandate of Heaven confirms a worthy ruler or condemns him in china.
Bronze Age - A period where weapons were made out of bronze.
Qin Dynasty - The first dynasty to unify all of China under one ruler, Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi.
Great Wall - A long wall that the Chinese built to keep out nomadic tribes from the north and west.
Han Dynasty - The Han Dynasty was ruled by Wudi. Wudi chose officials from confucian. He opened up a network of trade routes, later called the Silk Road.
Axis Age - The period of the buddhist life from the 5th and 6th century B.C.
Indus:
Subcontinent - a large landmass that juts out from a continent
Aryans - conquered Indus through Khyber Pass in the north
Caste system - brought about after Aryans invaded, ranked by wealth- stay in same rank for life
Bhagavad Gita - Indian “gospel”, written in Sanskrit, states goals of nonviolence, renunciation, inner life, and female, philosophical teachings of selfless action
Mohenjo-Daro - one of the first cities in the Indus civilization with large rectangular blocks
Chandragupta - emperor and founder of the Mauryan Empire (324-184BC), kept order through bureaucracy- built roads and harbors for trade, collected taxes, ruled harshly
Alexander the Great - conquered Indus in 326BC, gave Indus western ideas like astronomy, medicine, and philosophy
Mauryan Empire - founded by Chandragupta Maurya, ruled Indus from 321-185BC
Asoka - third and most powerful emperor of the Mauryan Empire, horrified by the results of a war killing 100,000 people, Asoka turned to dharma and ahisma, and ruled by nonviolence and right conduct
Dharma - right conduct, the truth about the way things are and will always be in the universe or in nature
Ahisma - nonviolence
Agricultural Revolution:
Neolithic - the new age, change from hunter-gathering to farming and domesticating animals and plants
Features of civilization - cities, organized government, complex religions, job specialization, social class, arts and architecture, public works, writing
Mesopotamia:
Sumer - The first civilization to take power in Mesopotamia that developed cuneiform.
Cuneiform - The first known form of writing.
Akkad - Invaders that conquered Sumer.
Sargon - The ruler of Akkad.
Babylon I - Invaders that conquered Akkad
Hammurabi's Code - 283 laws written in cuneiform on a stone tablet.
Hitties - First civilization to use iron to improve war weapons.
Iron - A strong metal used to improve war weapons.
Assyrians - Invaders that conquered Hitties.
Nebuchadnezzar - Ruthless ruler of the Assyrians that is responsible for the Babylonian captivity.
Babylonian Captivity - A banishment of the jews from Jerusalem.
Persia - The largest empire that conquered the Assyrians.
Cyrus - The king of Persia that allowed the jews to return to Jerusalem.
Darius - Later ruler of Persia that created bureaucracy.
Zoroaster - Prophet of Zoroastrianism.
Phoenicia - Later empire that developed the alphabet.
Greece:
City-states - individual regions of Ancient Greece that had their own government, regions, and beliefs.
Athens v. Sparta - the city-state of Athens believed in creativity and education, and Sparta focused on discipline and power.
Geography - Ancient Greece had rugged mountains on the Balkan Peninsula and many seas and harbors
Monarchy - a government in which a heriditary ruler has central power
Aristorcracy - a government in which wealthy landowners have power
Oligarchy - a govermnent in which a small group of wealthy people have power
Merchants - A person in Ancient Greece involved in trade and economics, such as a storekeeper
Democracy - a government in which the citizens have a a say in the government
Phalanx - a certain way of fighting that evolved in 650 B.C: a strategic formation of soldiers.
Socrates - an Athenian stonemason and philosopher
Plato - Socrate's apprentice; wote a book called The Republic that described his idea of a perfect state
Aristotle - student of Plato; one of the most famous philosophers who had beliefs about government
Pericles - a political leader of Ancient Greece who caused the government to thrive and become more democratic.
Humanism - An outlook of thought stating importance to humans rather than supernatural matters
Alexander the Great - The King of Madedonia; conquered most of the world through military campaigns. His educater was Aristotle.
Axis Age - the peroiod around 400 - 499 BCE where Athens was at the height of its power
Rome:
Patricians - The political and social nobility of Rome.
Pleabeians - Rome citizens (majority of population) that were not upper class. Social struggle with the Patricians.
Tribunes - Elected officials chosen to represent the people's interests.
Roman Republic - From 509 to 27 B.C. Rome was ruled by a republican government comprising three main elements: a system of magistrates, a Senate, and several popular assemblies.
Senate - The only body of government to endure the long and varied history of ancient Rome. Over a span of a thousand years, it saw Rome through four very different phrases of governmnet- monarchy, republic, empire, and the Christian era.
Slavery - Slaves in the Roman Republic were debtors, who were forced to work for wealthy landowners to repay their debts. After this practice was outlawed, the demand for slave labor increased. As the Romans began to conquer other areas of Italy, the eolistement of peasant farmers into the army increased the demand ofr agricultural workers. The same wars that sent peasants off the battle provided an endless supply of war captives for the wealthy to use as slaves.
The Roman Coliseum - A large structure built for Roman games, with places for spectators to watch. One of the first forms of a stadium.
Punic Wars - Three wars fought between Carthage and Rome for control of the western Mediterranean Sea.
Legion - Roman armies.
Julius Caesar - Most famous leaders of ancient Rome. A brilliant general and statesman, he overcame his political rivals to become dictator of Rome.
Good Emerors vs. Bad Emperors - The good emperors would listen to their people, and take their thoughts into account when creating laws. A bad emperor would do only what they wanted, and would act like a tyrant.
Aqueduct - Structures built by the Romans to carry water from a supply source to distant areas in need of water.